Toyokuni Fukuma - 豊國 福馬 (born August 26, 1893 - May 5, 1942) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Oita City, Oita. He made his debut in January 1915 and wrestled for Izutsu stable. He reached the makuuchi division in May 1921 and has two top division championships. His highest rank was ozeki and he retired in October 1930.
Early Life[]
Born Fukuma Takahashi (高橋 福馬), he had a very large build from a young age. When he was registered for military service at age twenty he measured in at 181 centimeters tall and weighed 80 kilograms. When he joined the Kokura artillery battery, his size was noticed by his commanding officer and he was released from service to enter professional sumo.
Career[]
Early Career[]
The expectations placed on Takahashi when he debuted in sumo are clear from his initial shikona or ring name of Kuganishiki Fukuma (陸錦 福馬) that he was given. It combined one of the characters from the name of recently retired Hitachiyama with one of the characters from the former ring name of the then current yokozuna Nishinoumi Kajiro II, which had been Nishikinada (錦洋). From his entry into sumo in January 1915, he lived up to these expectations and rose steadily through the ranks. In his fourth tournament in January 1917, at jonidan 12 he earned his first championship with a 5–0 record. He was then promoted to sandanme in May 1917 and makushita in January 1918. After only two tournaments in makushita, he was promoted to juryo in January 1919.
Makuuchi Career[]
Toyokuni poses with his kesho-mawashi (c. 1928)
After five years of tournaments with straight winning records he reached the top-tier makuuchi division in the May 1921 tournament. On this occasion he would take the new ring name of Onogawa Kiichiro (小野川 喜一郎). In this tournament his record was 4–5 with one draw. This was his first losing tournament in over six years of sumo. He was demoted to juryo 1 for the following January 1922 tournament. A 5–3 record was enough to put him back into makuuchi for the next tournament, where he would remain for the rest of his career. His success continued and he rose steadily through the ranks of maegashira and a very strong showing of 9–2 at the rank of komusubi in May 1926 would see him promoted to sekiwake. All three of his sekiwake appearances were winning records and in his second and third tournaments at sekiwake he came in second to yokozuna Tsunenohana for the championship.
Ozeki Career[]
He was promoted to ozeki for the following October 1927 tournament. In his rise to ozeki after his initial losing tournament in his makuuchi debut in May 1921, he had only recorded one more losing record in a span of over six years. Ironically, he would miss his entire first tournament at ozeki due to a bout of influenza. Two tournaments after becoming an ozeki he changed his name to Toyokuni Fukuma because a sumo elder in Osaka sumo had the name Onogawa. As an ozeki, Toyokuni's winning streak continued, and in the January 1929 tournament he would come one win short of the championship, losing it to then sekiwake Tamanishiki. The following March tournament, Toyokuni attained his first makuuchi championship. Two tournaments later, in September of the same year he was again the runner up for the championship. The following tournament in January 1930 he attained his second and final makuuchi championship. The following tournament in March of that year, he would finally record his first losing tournament in the san'yaku ranks. He bounced back in the following May tournament with an 8–3 record, but in the subsequent October tournament he withdrew due to a back injury after achieving only a 1–3 record. Afterwards, he soon announced his retirement.
Retirement from Sumo[]
Upon retiring, Toyokuni would take the elder name Kokonoe (九重) and soon after became the head of Kokonoe stable, a previous incarnation of the current Kokonoe stable. Later on his health began to suffer and in May 1937 he was obliged to disband the stable and his wrestlers moved to Asahiyama stable. He died in May 1942 at the age of 48.
Fighting Style[]
Toyokuni was a yotsu-sumo wrestler who prefers grappling to pushing and thrusting techniques. He favored a hidari-yotsu (right hand outside, left hand inside) position when gripping his opponent's mawashi (belt). His most common kimarite was yorikiri, or force out.
Record[]
Division Results[]
- Total: 208-101-36-2d-3a/313 (40 basho)
- Makuuchi: 162-87-31-1d-1a/250 (26 basho)
- Juryo: 17-9-1d-1a/28 (5 basho)
- Makushita: 11-3-1a/15 (3 basho)
- Sandanme: 5-0/5 (1 basho)
- Jonidan: 9-1/10 (2 basho)
- Jonokuchi: 4-1-5/5 (2 basho)
Championships[]
- 2 Makuuchi Championships
- 1st (March 1929)
- 2nd (January 1930)
- 1 Jonidan Championship (January 1917)
Shikona History[]
- Kuganishiki Fukuta (1915.01 - 1921.01)
- Onogawa Kiichiro (1921.05 - 1928.01)
- Toyokuni Fukuma (1928.03 - 1930.10)
Gallery[]
